焊接煙塵對人體的危害

The hazards of welding fumes to human health

焊煙對人體的危害是多方面的，首當(dāng)其沖的是對肺功能的影響。焊工在焊接作業(yè)時，焊條中的焊芯、藥皮和金屬母材在電弧高溫下熔化、蒸發(fā)、氧化，產(chǎn)生大量金屬氧化物及其它物質(zhì)的煙塵，長期吸入可引起焊工塵肺。

The harm of welding smoke to the human body is multifaceted, with the first and foremost being its impact on lung function. During welding operations, the welding core, coating, and metal base material in the welding rod melt, evaporate, and oxidize at high arc temperatures, producing a large amount of metal oxides and other substances in the form of smoke and dust. Long term inhalation can cause pneumoconiosis in welders.

其次，焊煙對于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)也有損傷。研究表明，焊接煙塵中的錳、鋁、鉛等元素，可能導(dǎo)致涉及人腦記憶、分析等信息加工處理的功能損害；

Secondly, welding fumes can also cause damage to the nervous system. Research has shown that elements such as manganese, aluminum, and lead in welding fumes may cause functional damage to information processing involving human brain memory and analysis;

再者，焊煙中存在的一些金屬氧化物

Furthermore, some metal oxides present in welding fumes

如果被工人吸入，則會導(dǎo)致一些全身性疾病的發(fā)生，如乏力、胸悶、氣急、肌肉關(guān)節(jié)酸痛等等。

If inhaled by workers, it can lead to the occurrence of some systemic diseases, such as fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, etc.

焊接煙塵對環(huán)境的危害

The hazards of welding fumes to the environment

焊接煙塵如果不經(jīng)處理就排放，會給大氣中留下大量微粒粉塵，它們能在環(huán)境中形成霧霾，降低空氣能見度，也直接影響植物的光合作用。而煙塵顆粒如果回落到水系中，則會污染水體生態(tài)！

If welding fumes are emitted without treatment, they will leave a large amount of particulate dust in the atmosphere, which can form haze in the environment, reduce air visibility, and directly affect plant photosynthesis. If smoke particles fall back into the water system, they will pollute the aquatic ecology!

在環(huán)保督查日益嚴(yán)格的今天，焊煙污染無處理排放等于是已經(jīng)明令禁止了，工廠想要維持正常開工，非配備上焊煙凈化設(shè)備不可！

In today's increasingly strict environmental inspections, untreated emissions of welding smoke pollution have been explicitly prohibited. If factories want to maintain normal operations, they must equip themselves with welding smoke purification equipment!

從焊煙的捕捉方式角度來講，我們建議采用源頭捕捉的方式來處理焊接煙塵，因為這樣最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最可靠，而且效果會最好，然而在現(xiàn)實中，一些大型工件、大型鋼構(gòu)廠房、多工位不定點焊接等工況中，實現(xiàn)源頭捕捉也不太現(xiàn)實，有的會大大降低工人的工作效率、有的會對其工作路線產(chǎn)生干涉等等。因此，焊接煙塵在凈化器布置中需要綜合考慮整個現(xiàn)場的工藝路線、焊點布局、工位特點以及工作效率，溝通最適合企業(yè)當(dāng)前工況的處理方式。

From the perspective of capturing welding fumes, we recommend using source capture to deal with welding fumes, as it is the most economical, reliable, and effective method. However, in reality, it is not very practical to achieve source capture in some large workpieces, large steel structure factories, and multi station non fixed welding situations. Some may greatly reduce workers' work efficiency, while others may interfere with their work routes, and so on. Therefore, in the layout of the purifier, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the process route, welding point layout, workstation characteristics, and work efficiency of the entire site, and communicate the most suitable treatment method for the current working conditions of the enterprise.

1、目前常用的捕捉方式有哪幾種？

1. What are the commonly used capture methods currently?

（1）焊接煙塵凈化單機(jī)，配備單萬向吸氣臂、雙萬向吸氣臂。

(1) Welding smoke purification single machine, equipped with single universal suction arm and double universal suction arm.

（2）多工位萬向吸氣臂，配中大功率焊接煙塵凈化主機(jī)。

(2) Multi station universal suction arm, equipped with a medium to high-power welding smoke purification host.

（3）環(huán)保焊槍，一般為手工焊接、機(jī)器人焊接用。

(3) Environmentally friendly welding guns are generally used for manual welding and robot welding.

（4）局部捕集罩，從正面、側(cè)面設(shè)置煙塵罩捕捉。

(4) Local capture hood, set up smoke hood from the front and side to capture.

（5）頂部抽煙罩，在四周配備防護(hù)軟簾。

(5) Top smoking hood, equipped with protective soft curtains around.

（6）焊接工作站，建立全密封式焊接房。

(6) Welding workstation, establish a fully sealed welding room.

（7）一體式自循環(huán)凈化單機(jī)，類似于柜式空調(diào)。

(7) Integrated self circulating purification unit, similar to cabinet air conditioning.

（8）吹吸式整體車間凈化系統(tǒng)。

(8) Blow suction integrated workshop purification system.

2、那焊接煙塵凈化器主機(jī)該如何選型？

2. How to choose the host of the welding smoke purifier?

（1）過濾材質(zhì)：如果是一般性碳鋼、不銹鋼的金屬焊接，采用阻燃材料過濾材料。如果是鋁鎂等易燃易爆合金焊接，采用防靜電阻燃過濾材料。

(1) Filter material: If it is a metal welding of general carbon steel or stainless steel, flame-retardant filter material should be used. If welding flammable and explosive alloys such as aluminum and magnesium, anti-static and flame-retardant filter materials should be used.

（2）過濾風(fēng)速：越低越好，綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)性和實用性。過濾風(fēng)速≤1.2 m/min。

(2) Filter wind speed: The lower the better, considering both economy and practicality. Filter air speed ≤ 1.2 m/min.

（3）過濾精度：對于當(dāng)量直徑在0.3?m以上的煙塵顆粒過濾精度99%以上。

(3) Filtering accuracy: For an equivalent diameter of 0.3? The filtration accuracy of smoke particles above m is over 99%.

（4）清灰方式：建議使用自動脈沖反吹清灰，避免大量的人工清灰作業(yè)，耽誤工作效率。

(4) Cleaning method: It is recommended to use automatic pulse back blowing cleaning to avoid a large amount of manual cleaning operations, which may affect work efficiency.

（5）其他選配：前置火花捕集器、隔爆閥、火花探測及熄滅系統(tǒng)、泄爆口、無焰泄爆裝置等。

(5) Other optional features: front spark arrester, explosion-proof valve, spark detection and extinguishing system, explosion-proof port, flameless explosion-proof device, etc.

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